Pigment Problems: Understanding & Treating Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation

by Victoria Tabak, L.E.

 Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition that occurs when there is an overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. It is characteristically recognized as darker patches of skin that can develop anywhere on the face or body depending on the cause. Fitzpatrick skin types III to VI are more susceptible to hyperpigmentation due to higher melanin levels in their skin; however, the condition can affect individuals of all skin types impartially.  

There are different forms of hyperpigmentation, some of which include melasma, solar lentigos (sunspots), liver spots (age spots), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), also known as post-inflammatory pigment alternation (PIPA) in the medical community. Understanding the culprits of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation can empower any skin care professional to proactively conjure a corrective treatment plan, manage client expectations, and know when it is best to avoid certain types of treatments for the unqualified client. 

CULPRITS 

Hormonal fluctuations, genetics, inflammatory skin disorders (like eczema or psoriasis), acne, wounds resulting from injury, surgery or burns, and even some types of medications can cause dyschromia of skin. Injury and acne are two of the most common causes of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. The emotional and psychological implications for young adults dealing with acne especially are quite burdensome. In addition, according to a study done by Anheuser Busch Institute and Des Peres Hospital, a dermatologic clinic in Saint Louis, Missouri, patients who suffered from post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on top of acne were revealed to have poor self-perceptions, an inclination to avoid social functions, and notably a worse quality of life.  

Whether from a chemical peel, or the healing-scabbing period after an acne breakout, the post-recovery period is crucial. After trauma to skin, any disruption in the healing process, like picking, also known as excoriating, scratching, or peeling, can lead to scarring and blemishes. Inflammation that continues for extended periods of time interferes with the healthy melanogenesis process. Any additional skin assault or irritation can prolong the recovery period which can take anywhere from weeks or months to even years. 

Victoria Tabak is the CEO of NATPURE Clinical Skin Care. She is a two-time international award-winning licensed aesthetician, oncology trained, a published skin and wellness expert, and a nationally recognized skin care educator. She has more than 20 years of experience in the beauty industry along with a master’s degree in business and a minor in chemistry. Alongside her father, a distinguished scientist, Tabak has worked with other aestheticians, dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and cosmetologists to formulate and revolutionize a holistic approach to beauty that people love.